How to Perform Protein Spectrometry on Liquid Samples?

Proteomics is a key technology for understanding the functions and dynamics of biological systems. Through proteomic testing, we can study the structure and function of proteins, including their mass, sequence, modifications, interactions, and how they change over time and environment. Here are the steps to perform proteomic testing on liquid samples:

 

Sample Preparation

First, you need to collect and prepare the liquid sample. This may include blood, urine, saliva, or other types of biological fluids. The sample needs to be properly stored and handled to prevent protein degradation or modification.

 

Protein Extraction

Protein extraction is the process of separating proteins from the liquid sample. This is usually done through centrifugation and filtration. During this process, protease inhibitors can be added to prevent protein degradation.

 

Protein Purification

Protein purification is done to remove non-protein components that may interfere with mass spectrometry analysis, such as lipids and sugars. This is typically achieved through gel electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

 

Protein Identification

Protein identification is accomplished by determining the mass and sequence of proteins through mass spectrometry. This is usually achieved through enzymatic digestion, peptide separation, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

 

Data Processing and Analysis

Finally, the mass spectrometry data needs to be processed and analyzed to yield meaningful results. This may include protein quantification, modification identification, interaction studies, etc. Data processing and analysis typically requires specialized software and advanced statistical techniques.