Primary Structure Analysis Service

• • Protein Spectrometric Analysis Service

  MALDI-TOF analysis of peptide mixtures is capable of tolerating moderate amounts of buffers and salts, with peptide fragments predominantly producing singly charged ions, making MALDI-TOF MS an ideal tool for peptide mass mapping. To confirm the theoretical sequence of a protein/polypeptide sample using MALDI-TOF, enzymatic digestion is first performed on the sample, followed by the verification of the peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) via MALDI MS.

• • Peptide Coverage/Peptide Spectrum Match (PSM) Analysis Service

  Protein sample identification generally only uses Trypsin for protein digestion, with peptide coverage identified around 60%. To obtain the complete sequence information of the target protein, MtoZ Biolabs will use 6 commonly used proteinases in protein identification (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Asp-N, Glu-C, Lys-C, and Lys-N) to digest and identify the target protein. By obtaining more fragmented peptide fragments and stitching them together, 100% of the protein sequence is determined.

• • Extinction Coefficients Analysis Service

  The extinction coefficient is a unit of measurement that determines the absorption intensity of a chemical substance at a specific wavelength. The molar extinction coefficient of proteins at 280 nm is almost entirely dependent on the number of aromatic residues, especially tryptophan, and can be predicted from the amino acid sequence. If the molar extinction coefficient is known, it can be used to determine the concentration of protein in a solution.

• • Oligonucleotide Molecular Weight Analysis Service

  Oligonucleotides, composed of 2 to 20 nucleotide units, are increasingly utilized in disease diagnosis and therapeutic applications. They facilitate the introduction of DNA into immune cells, enabling genetic modifications to express chimeric antigen receptor proteins for cell-based immunotherapy.

• • Oligonucleotide Sequence Analysis Service

  Oligonucleotide sequence analysis is a biotechnological method for identifying the types and sequences of nucleotides in short DNA or RNA fragments (typically 20-30 nucleotides). This technique plays a critical role across numerous biological and medical disciplines.

• • Protein Full Sequence Coverage Analysis Service

  The analysis of protein full sequence is a critical and challenging endeavor, especially against the backdrop of rapid advancements in the biopharmaceutical industry. Sequence verification has become a cornerstone for the development of biosimilars and biologic therapeutics.

• • LC-MS/MS of Protein C-terminal Sequence Determination Service

  The C-terminal sequence is a pivotal structural and functional part of proteins and peptides, which may contain significant antigenic determinants (i.e., parts that trigger an immune response). Analysis of these regions' sequences can help researchers identify which fragments might be most useful in vaccine design.

• • N-Terminal Sequence Analysis Service

  The N-terminal sequence significantly influences a protein's half-life and its subcellular localization. This region is pivotal for the structural and functional integrity of proteins and peptides. Analyzing the N-terminal sequence enables identification of the protein's initiation point, facilitating insights into its higher-order structure and biological functions.

• • Antibody C-Terminal Lysine (K) Deletion Ratio Analysis Service

  During antibody production, different levels of heterogeneity usually occur, potentially affecting antibodies' biological function. One of the primary sources of this heterogeneity is the deletion of lysine (K) at the C-terminus of the heavy chain, and it is a common phenomenon in recombinant antibodies produced by mammalian cells. As lysine is a positively charged basic amino acid, antibodies without this C-terminal lysine display a distinct charge state compared to those retaining it.

• • High-Resolution MS Molecular Weight Identification Service

  MtoZ Biolabs has established a platform with both MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS technologies, which can be used to determine the molecular weight of all kinds of biopharmaceuticals