Resources
Proteomics Databases
Metabolomics Databases
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• Protein Isoelectric Point Detection Techniques
Protein isoelectric point detection techniques are essential tools in proteomics, as the isoelectric point (pI) of a protein represents the pH at which it carries no net electrical charge in solution. At this specific pH, the positive and negative charges on the protein molecule are balanced, rendering the protein electrically neutral. The isoelectric point is a critical biochemical characteristic of a protein, influencing its solubility, structural conformation, biological function, and interactions ......
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• How to Detect the Ubiquitination Levels of a Specific Protein
To Detect the ubiquitination levels of a protein is a crucial approach for understanding its stability, subcellular localization, and functional regulation. Ubiquitination is a type of post-translational modification that involves the covalent attachment of ubiquitin—a small regulatory protein—to a target protein. This modification can be detected using various techniques: Western Blotting Western blotting employs antibodies specific to both ubiquitin and the target protein to detect ubiquitination ......
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To elucidate protein interaction networks, a variety of experimental techniques have been developed, among which the pull-down assay has emerged as one of the most extensively utilized approaches. This article presents a comprehensive examination of the pull-down assay, focusing on both its technical foundations and its biological relevance. Technical Principles The pull-down assay is grounded in the principle of affinity chromatography, leveraging the specific interactions between proteins to isola......
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• Applications and Method Development of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Proteomics
The application of high-resolution mass spectrometry in proteomics is primarily demonstrated by its ability to precisely measure the mass of proteins and peptides. This capability allows scientists to achieve highly sensitive and accurate identification of proteins and peptides, thereby playing a critical role in proteomics research. Principles and Technological Advancements of HRMS 1. Improvement of Mass Resolution HRMS enables the distinction of mass peaks that are extremely close in m/z values, w......
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• Immunoprecipitation Combined with Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis is a widely employed technique in proteomics that enables the identification of components within protein complexes and the characterization of protein–protein interactions. By leveraging the high specificity of immunoprecipitation and the high sensitivity of mass spectrometry, this approach facilitates the detection of proteins from complex biological samples. The workflow of immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis gene......
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• Cryo-EM Single Particle Analysis in Structural Biology
Cryo-EM single particle analysis is an advanced structural biology technique that enables the determination of three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules in a near-native state. This method involves rapidly vitrifying samples at cryogenic temperatures to preserve their natural conformation in an amorphous, non-crystalline form, allowing direct visualization of individual molecules without the need for staining or crystallization. Using large datasets of molecular images, researchers app......
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Crystallography analysis is a critical technique for investigating the internal structure and atomic arrangement of materials. It plays a pivotal role across a range of disciplines, including chemistry, materials science, life sciences, and pharmaceutical development. By applying crystallography methods, researchers can determine crystal structures, bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular interactions with high precision. This structural insight is essential for understanding material properties......
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• Antibody Amino Acid Sequence
The antibody amino acid sequence represents the linear order of amino acids that constitute the antibody protein and serves as the fundamental blueprint for determining both its structural architecture and functional properties. Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are highly specific proteins secreted by B cells that recognize and bind to antigens, exerting a range of immune defense activities such as neutralization, opsonization, and immune system activation. This sequence not only governs antigen recogn......
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• High-Throughput Antibody Screening
High-throughput antibody screening refers to the use of automated systems and advanced bioanalytical techniques to rapidly identify high-affinity antibodies against specific targets from large-scale antibody libraries. Unlike traditional methods such as hybridoma generation or phage display, which are often labor-intensive and time-consuming, this approach significantly enhances screening speed and throughput, thereby facilitating the accelerated development of therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies. ......
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• Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs)
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a class of bifunctional small molecules designed to induce selective degradation of specific proteins. Unlike traditional small-molecule inhibitors that act by occupying the active sites of target proteins, PROTACs hijack the endogenous ubiquitin–proteasome system to label target proteins for degradation, thereby eliminating their function at the source. This approach opens new avenues for tackling previously undruggable targets, including non-enzymatic pro......
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