Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • What Is H2A Ubiquitination?

  Histone H2A ubiquitination is a critical epigenetic modification that regulates chromatin architecture and gene expression through the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to specific lysine residues on histone H2A. As a highly coordinated regulatory mechanism, H2A ubiquitination not only contributes to gene silencing but also plays essential roles in DNA damage repair, maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, and embryonic development. Dysregulation of H2A ubiquitination has been closely linked t......

• • What Is Histone Ubiquitination Profiling?

  Histone ubiquitination profiling is a mass spectrometry-based analytical approach used to systematically identify, characterize, and quantify ubiquitination sites on histones and monitor their dynamic changes. As a critical epigenetic modification, histone ubiquitination plays essential roles in transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage repair. Owing to the low abundance and structural complexity of ubiquitinated histone species, comprehensive characterization using conventional......

• • What Is Histone Succinylation?

  Histone modifications are a fundamental component of epigenetic regulation and have long been a central focus of gene expression research. Beyond the well-characterized modifications such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, histone succinylation has recently emerged as an important epigenetic modification, providing new insights into the intricate relationship between cellular metabolism and gene regulation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of histone succinylation, coverin......

• • How to Study Histone Succinylation by LC-MS/MS?

  Histone succinylation, a novel epigenetic modification, plays a critical role in regulating gene expression, mediating metabolic signaling, and elucidating disease mechanisms. Compared with traditional histone acetylation and methylation, succinylation introduces a larger structural moiety and carries a negative charge. Investigating this modification not only provides insights into chromatin accessibility but also reflects cellular metabolic states. Owing to its high sensitivity, specificity, and com......

• • How to Prepare Samples for Histone Succinylation Analysis?

  Histone succinylation, as a novel epigenetic modification, plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, metabolic signaling pathways, and disease research. Because succinylated peptides are typically of low abundance and prone to degradation, their detection requires careful sample preparation. Optimizing the sample preparation workflow is critical for achieving accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS or immunodetection results. Importance of Sample Preparation for Histone Succinylation 1. Pres......

• • How to Detect Histone Ubiquitination?

  Histone ubiquitination is a crucial post-translational modification involved in chromatin regulation. By covalently attaching ubiquitin molecules to specific residues on histones, it modulates gene expression, DNA damage repair, and chromatin dynamics. Due to the low abundance of ubiquitinated histones and their susceptibility to deubiquitinases, accurate detection presents a significant challenge. Researchers commonly employ a combination of Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometr......

• • How to Analyze Histone Ubiquitination in Cancer Samples?

  Histone ubiquitination is a critical epigenetic modification that regulates chromatin architecture and consequently influences gene expression, DNA damage repair, and tumor initiation and progression. In cancer research, aberrant histone ubiquitination has been closely associated with tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, accurate characterization of histone ubiquitination is of considerable importance for identifying novel therapeu......

• • What Factors Affect the Reliability of Histone Crotonylation Analysis?

  Histone crotonylation is a recently identified lysine post-translational modification (PTM) that plays critical roles in transcriptional regulation, cell fate determination, and disease pathogenesis. With continuous advances in mass spectrometry technologies, studies of histone crotonylation have expanded substantially. However, because crotonylation is a low-abundance and dynamically reversible modification, the reliability of analytical results can be significantly influenced by multiple factors, in......

• • What Are the Technical Challenges in Histone Crotonylation Analysis?

  Histone crotonylation (Kcr) is an emerging lysine post-translational modification (PTM) that plays important roles in gene transcription regulation, cellular differentiation, and stress responses. Although its biological significance is increasingly being elucidated, the inherently low abundance of Kcr, its chemical instability, and the coexistence of multiple modification sites present substantial challenges for both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Mass spectrometry (MS) remains the primary an......

• • High-Sensitivity HCP Quantification: Label-Based vs Label-Free Approaches

  Host Cell Proteins (HCPs) are endogenous protein impurities derived from expression systems, such as CHO cells, Escherichia coli, and yeast, during the manufacture of biopharmaceutical products. Even at trace levels, certain HCPs may induce immunogenic responses, compromise product stability, or adversely affect product safety. Consequently, accurate HCP quantification represents a critical component of biopharmaceutical quality control. High-sensitivity HCP detection is equally important during proc......