Metabolomics Analysis
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6-Phosphogluconate (6PG) is a key intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a crucial metabolic pathway that operates parallel to glycolysis. Chemically, 6PG is a six-carbon sugar phosphate derived from glucose-6-phosphate and is involved in the oxidative phase of the PPP. This pathway is vital for generating reducing power in the form of NADPH and providing ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis, both of which are essential for cellular growth and maintenance.
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• a-ketoglutaric Acid (a-KG) Analysis Service
a-Ketoglutaric acid (a-KG) is a critical metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs or citric acid cycle. Structurally, a-KG is a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid and plays a pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism. It acts as an intermediate in the TCA cycle, where it is produced from isocitrate through the action of isocitrate dehydrogenase and subsequently converted to succinyl-CoA by the enzyme a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
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Fructose, a simple monosaccharide, plays a significant role in human metabolism. Structurally, it is a hexose sugar with a ketone functional group, often referred to as a "ketohexose." Fructose naturally occurs in a wide range of foods, including fruits, honey, and some vegetables, and is commonly used in the form of high-fructose corn syrup in many processed foods. Its unique sweetness, surpassing that of glucose and sucrose, makes it a popular choice in the food industry.
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L-glycine, also simply referred to as glycine, is the smallest of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not only part of proteins but also plays a role in various metabolic reactions. Found in high-protein foods such as fish, meat, dairy products, and legumes, it is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that our bodies can produce it from other compounds.
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• Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Analysis Service
Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is derived from glucose, one of the most fundamental molecules in cellular metabolism. It is an essential metabolic intermediate, playing pivotal roles in several metabolic pathways including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glycogen synthesis. G6P is also involved in the insulin-mediated glucose transport pathway that maintains glucose homeostasis in the body.
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• 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine Analysis Service
5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) is a naturally occurring nucleoside present in mammalian DNA. It is a product of DNA methylation, which is a biochemical process crucial for normal development in higher organisms. 5mdC is typically formed by adding a methyl group to the carbon 5 position of the cytosine ring via the DNA methylation pathway.
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Fumarate is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, playing a critical role in cellular energy production and metabolism. Fumarate is a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid formed through the oxidation of succinate by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and subsequently converted into malate by the enzyme fumarase.
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• L-lactic Acid Analysis Service
L-lactic acid, or L-lactate, is a key metabolite involved in a number of biochemical processes. It is produced in the body during anaerobic respiration when oxygen levels are low, typically during intense exercise. Structurally, it is a 3-carbon molecule with a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group, allowing it to act as both an acid and an alcohol.
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP), also known as 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, is a key intermediate in the glycolytic pathway and plays a vital role in cellular energy production and metabolism. Structurally, GAP is a three-carbon phosphorylated sugar aldehyde derived from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate during glycolysis.
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• 5-hydroxyuridine Analysis Service
5-hydroxyuridine (ho5U) is a modified nucleoside that originates from RNA molecules. Structurally, it consists of a uracil base attached to a ribose sugar with an additional hydroxyl group at the 5th position of the uracil ring. The metabolic process of ho5U involves multiple enzymes, including kinases and hydrolases, that add or remove phosphate groups for its conversion.
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