Metabolomics Analysis
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• 3-Hydroxytyramine Analysis Service
3-Hydroxytyramine, commonly known as dopamine, is a crucial catecholamine neurotransmitter in the brain. Its chemical structure consists of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups at the 3- and 4-positions and an ethylamine side chain, making it a 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine. Dopamine is synthesized primarily in neurons from the amino acid tyrosine through a two-step enzymatic pathway. First, tyrosine is hydroxylated to form L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase.
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• Aspartic Acid Analysis Service
Aspartic acid, also known as aspartate, is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is non-essential in mammals, as it can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates. Aspartic acid is involved in numerous biological processes, including the citric acid cycle, purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, and protein synthesis. It's also a main component of certain excitatory neurotransmitters in the nervous system.
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Dopa, also known as levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is a vital amino acid derivative with the molecular formula C₉H₁₁NO₄. It plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, making it essential for neurological function. Dopa is produced endogenously through the hydroxylation of the amino acid tyrosine, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase.
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The kynurenine pathway is the primary route for the catabolism of the amino acid tryptophan in mammals, leading to the production of several biologically active metabolites. The process begins with the oxidation of tryptophan by either tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO), primarily in the liver, or indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) in peripheral tissues, producing N-formylkynurenine. This intermediate is then converted into kynurenine by formamidase.
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• 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid Analysis Service
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic Acid (4-HPPA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. It is converted into homogentisate by the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Mutations in this enzyme lead to a condition called type III Tyrosinemia. 4-HPPA is also found in the human intestine and has been linked to the gut microbial metabolism. Understanding the metabolism of 4-HPPA can lead to the development of better disease treatments and dietary recommendations.
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• Epinephrine Analysis Service
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body's response to stressful situations. It is produced primarily in the adrenal glands and is released into the bloodstream during times of acute stress to prepare the body for the 'fight or flight' response. Epinephrine is a catecholamine, which is a class of organic compounds that include other hormones like dopamine and norepinephrine.
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• 5-Methoxytryptamine Hydrochloride Analysis Service
5-Methoxytryptamine hydrochloride (5-MT), a derivative of the tryptamine family, is a chemical compound of significant biological interest due to its structural similarity to serotonin. 5-Methoxytryptamine hydrochloride is naturally occurring in various biological systems and has been identified as a metabolite of serotonin and melatonin. It is sourced from the pineal gland and plays a role in several physiological processes, including regulation of the circadian rhythm, mood modulation, and...
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• 3-hydroxybutyric Acid Analysis Service
3-hydroxybutyric acid, also known as 3-Hydroxybutyrate or β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), is a ketone body produced in the liver from the breakdown of fats. It is an important molecule that provides an energy source for the brain and muscles during periods of low glucose availability. It's a crucial substance in many biological processes, and its levels can be indicative of various metabolic and neurological conditions.
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• N-Acetylserotonin Analysis Service
N-Acetylserotonin (NAS), also known as Normelatonin, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melatonin from tryptophan. It is synthesized from serotonin by the enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and is converted to melatonin by the enzyme acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT). NAS is mainly found in the pineal gland, retina, and gastrointestinal tract.
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Thyroxine, also known as T4, is a primary hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Structurally, it contains four iodine atoms and is synthesized via the iodination of the amino acid tyrosine. Thyroxine is metabolized in the liver by deiodination and converted to the biologically active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological processes including growth, development, metabolism, and regulation of body temperature.
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