Metabolomics Analysis

• • Galactose Metabolism Service

  Galactose, a monosaccharide sugar, is a key component of various biological molecules, including glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is primarily derived from lactose in the diet and is metabolized through the Leloir pathway, which converts galactose into glucose-1-phosphate. Dysregulation of galactose metabolism can lead to metabolic disorders such as galactosemia, which underscores the importance of proper galactose handling in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

• • Fatty Acid Elongation Service

  Long-chain fatty acids are critical components in various biological processes, serving as key building blocks for cell membranes, energy storage molecules, and signaling mediators. The elongation of fatty acids, particularly beyond the standard 16-carbon length (palmitate), involves a series of enzymatic reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is mediated by the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (ELOVL) enzyme family, which extends the acyl chain by adding two-carbon units.

• • Unsaturated Fatty Acids Analysis Service

  Unsaturated fatty acids play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as cellular signaling, inflammatory responses, and energy storage. Misregulation of unsaturated fatty acids metabolism can lead to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, understanding the precise composition and fluctuation of unsaturated fatty acids in biological samples is essential for disease diagnosis and treatment.

• • Fatty Acid Degradation Analysis Service

  Fatty acid degradation is a critical metabolic pathway that breaks down fatty acids to generate energy. This process primarily occurs through β-oxidation, a series of enzymatic reactions in the mitochondria (and in some cases, peroxisomes), where fatty acids are sequentially shortened by two-carbon units, producing acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA generated enters the citric acid cycle, contributing to the production of ATP, which is essential for various cellular functions.

• • Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Service

  Fatty acid biosynthesis is a fundamental metabolic process that plays a crucial role in energy storage, membrane structure, and cellular signaling. This intricate pathway involves the conversion of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA into long-chain fatty acids through a series of enzymatic reactions. The key enzymes in this pathway include acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acyl carrier protein (ACP)...

• • Alpha-Linolenic Acid Metabolism Service

  Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential omega-3 fatty acid primarily derived from plant sources such as flaxseed, chia seeds, and walnuts. In living organisms, ALA plays a crucial role as a precursor in the biosynthesis of longer-chain omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The metabolism of ALA involves a series of enzymatic reactions, including desaturation and elongation processes. Key enzymes, such as Δ⁶-desaturase and Δ⁵-desaturase...

• • Propanoate Metabolism Service

  The propanoate metabolism pathway is a key biochemical process involving the conversion and utilization of propanoate in humans and other organisms. Propanoate can be transformed into various metabolic intermediates, playing a crucial role in energy metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. This pathway is essential for maintaining metabolic balance and cellular function.

• • Pentose Phosphate Pathway Metabolism Service

  The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is a principal route for glucose catabolism. It plays a pivotal role in the generation of ribose-5-phosphate, NADPH, and erythrose-4-phosphate, key metabolites for nucleotide synthesis, cellular defense against oxidative stress, and aromatic amino acids biosynthesis respectively. Understanding the dynamics of the PPP is crucial for various fields, including cancer research, microbial production, and drug development.

• • Glycolysis Metabolism Service

  Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) into pyruvate, occurring in the cytosol of most organisms' cells. The process releases free energy, which is harnessed to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), both of which are crucial for cellular energy transactions. This pathway plays a critical role in cellular respiration, and any abnormalities in the process can lead to serious metabolic diseases.

• • Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolism Service

  The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, also known as Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria and are part of cellular respiration. These reactions convert glucose, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide, water and energy, which are essential for the cell's metabolic needs. Understanding the dynamics of TCA cycle is crucial in various research fields including biochemistry, cell biology, and medical sciences.