4D DIA Proteomics: Comprehensive Overview of Protein Quantification and Differential Analysis

Proteomics is a scientific field that studies the composition, structure, and function of all proteins in an organism. With the continuous development of technology, quantitative and differential analysis of proteomics has become an important research direction in the field of biomedicine. Among them, 4D DIA proteomics, as an emerging technical method, has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, high throughput, and high sensitivity, and is widely used in biopharmaceutical research.

 

Sample Pretreatment

Before performing a 4D DIA proteomics analysis, the samples need to be pretreated first. This step includes the extraction of samples, the lysis and digestion of proteins, etc. The purpose of sample pretreatment is to convert complex biological samples into protein mixtures that are easy to analyze.

 

Protein Separation

Protein separation is one of the key steps in 4D DIA proteomics. Common protein separation methods include gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, etc. Through protein separation, the complex protein mixture can be broken down into several simpler components, providing a basis for subsequent quantification and differential analysis.

 

Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Mass spectrometry analysis is the core technology of 4D DIA proteomics. The mass spectrometry instrument can analyze protein samples to obtain information about protein mass and structure. In 4D DIA proteomics, commonly used mass spectrometry analysis methods include liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These methods can achieve high-throughput protein quantification and differential analysis.

 

Data Analysis

Data analysis is an indispensable part of 4D DIA proteomics. By processing and analyzing mass spectrometry data, quantitative information of proteins and a list of differentially expressed proteins can be obtained. Common data analysis methods include peak identification, peak matching, quantification calculations, and differential analysis. These methods can help researchers discover potential biomarkers in biological samples, providing an important reference for biopharmaceutical research and development.

 

Application

As a comprehensive, high-throughput, and highly sensitive technical method, 4D DIA proteomics has a broad application prospect. In biopharmaceutical research, it can be used for drug target discovery and validation, drug dosage optimization, drug efficacy evaluation, etc. In addition, 4D DIA proteomics can also be applied to the research of disease diagnosis and treatment, providing important support for personalized medicine.

 

As an emerging technical method, 4D DIA proteomics provides a comprehensive, high-throughput, and highly sensitive analysis platform for biopharmaceutical research. Through sample pretreatment, protein separation, mass spectrometry analysis, and data analysis, protein quantification and differential analysis can be achieved. In the future, 4D DIA proteomics will play an increasingly important role in biopharmaceutical research and clinical applications, contributing to the development of the biomedical field.