DIA Proteomics: Unveiling the Mysteries of Proteomics

Proteomics is the scientific field that studies the composition, structure, and function of all proteins in a living organism. With the continuous development of technology, proteomics is playing an increasingly important role in biomedicine research. One of the widely used techniques is quantitative mass spectrometry, and one of the methods is targeted protein quantitative mass spectrometry (data-independent acquisition, DIA) technology, also known as dia proteomics.

 

DIA proteomics is a proteomics method based on mass spectrometry technology, which can realize the simultaneous quantification and identification of a large number of proteins in complex samples. Compared with traditional mass spectrometry methods, DIA proteomics has higher sensitivity, a broader dynamic range, and better accuracy. It can provide more comprehensive protein information, helping researchers to better understand the function and regulation mechanism of proteins in the organism.

 

The Working Principle of Dia Proteomics

The working principle of DIA proteomics can be briefly summarized as the following steps:

 

1. Sample Preparation

Extract and digest the protein from the sample to be tested to obtain protein fragments.

 

2. Mass Spectrometry Analysis

The digested protein fragments are analyzed by mass spectrometry. DIA proteomics usually uses high-resolution mass spectrometers, such as quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF) or Orbitrap.

 

3. Data Collection

DIA proteomics adopts data-independent acquisition mode, obtaining the mass spectrometry data of all protein fragments by continuously scanning the entire mass spectrometer.

 

4. Data Analysis

The acquired mass spectrometry data is processed and interpreted by professional data analysis software to obtain the quantification and identification results of proteins.

 

Advantages

DIA proteomics has several advantages compared to traditional mass spectrometry methods:

 

1. High Throughput

DIA proteomics can simultaneously quantify and identify a large number of proteins, covering a wider proteome.

 

2. High Sensitivity

DIA proteomics uses high-resolution mass spectrometry, which can detect low-abundance proteins, improving the sensitivity of the experiment.

 

3. Quantitative Accuracy

DIA proteomics uses internal standard method for quantification, which can accurately measure the abundance changes of proteins.

 

4. Data Repeatability

The data acquisition mode of DIA proteomics is relatively stable, which can ensure the repeatability of the experiment.

 

Application

DIA proteomics has a wide range of applications in biomedical research, mainly including the following aspects:

 

1. Biomarker Discovery

By comparing the proteome of different samples, biomarkers related to diseases can be discovered, providing a basis for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

 

2. Drug Development

DIA proteomics can be used for drug target identification and efficacy evaluation, helping researchers to better understand the mechanism of drug action.

 

3. Metabolomics Research

DIA proteomics can be combined with metabolomics technology to study the interactions between proteins and metabolites in the organism, revealing the regulatory mechanism of metabolic pathways.

 

4. Disease Mechanism Research

DIA proteomics can be used to study the occurrence and development mechanisms of diseases, providing new ideas and methods for disease treatment.

 

As an advanced proteomics technology, DIA proteomics has the advantages of high throughput, high sensitivity, quantitative accuracy, and data repeatability. It has a broad application prospect in biomedical research and is expected to provide more information and methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and drug development of diseases. With the continuous progress of technology, DIA proteomics will play an increasingly important role in the field of biomedicine.