How to Apply Chemical Proteomics for Sample Analysis?

Chemical proteomics is an omics technology that studies all proteins in a biological organism. Proteins are one of the most important molecules in the body, carrying out a variety of functions such as catalyzing reactions, transmitting signals, and providing structural support. The purpose of chemical proteomics is to understand the role of proteins in biological processes, especially their key role in disease occurrence and treatment.

 

Importance of Analyzing Samples in Chemical Proteomics

Chemical proteomics technology provides a comprehensive method to analyze the composition and characteristics of proteins in a sample. By qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the proteins in the sample, information about abnormal protein expression, modification, and interactions related to disease can be revealed. This information can be used to find new biomarkers, understand disease mechanisms, diagnose and treat diseases.

 

How to Apply Chemical Proteomics to Analyze Samples?

1. Sample Preparation

Before carrying out chemical proteomics analysis, samples need to be prepared. The samples could be cells, tissues, blood, urine, etc. The preparation of samples usually includes cell lysis, protein extraction, and enrichment to get enough protein content for subsequent analysis.

 

2. Protein Separation

Protein separation is an important step in chemical proteomics analysis. Common methods include gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. These methods can separate proteins in the sample by size, charge or hydrophobic properties for subsequent analysis and identification.

 

3. Protein Identification

Protein identification is a key step in determining the identity of proteins in a sample. Common identification methods include mass spectrometry and biological identification. Mass spectrometry technology determines the amino acid sequence and modification of proteins by measuring their mass and fragment spectra. Biological identification verifies mass spectrometry data and determines protein function through antibodies, gene expression, functional experiments, etc.

 

4. Protein Quantitation

Proteomics analysis usually requires quantitative changes in protein abundance in the samples. Common quantitative methods include isotope labeling, label-free methods, and quantitative mass spectrometry. These methods can accurately measure the relative or absolute abundance of proteins in a sample and find differential proteins associated with diseases.