Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • How to Detect Whether a Protein Is Normally Phosphorylated

  Phosphorylation is a critical regulatory mechanism for protein function, influencing numerous biological processes including signal transduction, cell division, and metabolism. To assess whether proteins are phosphorylated, several analytical techniques are employed to identify and quantify their phosphorylation status. Commonly used methods include:

• • Do Disulfide Bonds Affect Mass Spectrometry Analysis

  Disulfide bonds can significantly influence protein mass spectrometry analysis, particularly in the study of protein structure and peptide characterization. These covalent bonds, formed between two cysteine residues, play a crucial role in stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of proteins. In mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the presence of disulfide bonds can introduce several challenges: 1. Peptide Digestion Efficiency: Prior to mass spectrometry analysis, proteins are typically digested using...

• • Mass Spectrometry Molecular Weight Change of Ubiquitination Sites

  Ubiquitination is a crucial post-translational modification that affects protein stability, activity, and function. This process involves the attachment of a 76-amino-acid ubiquitin molecule to target proteins through a cascade mediated by a trio of enzymes: E1, E2, and E3. Identifying ubiquitination sites is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved. Mass spectrometry is typically employed for this purpose. During ubiquitination, the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin forms an isopeptide..

• • The Purpose of Phosphoproteomics

  Phosphoproteomics is a vital subfield of proteomics that focuses on the study of protein phosphorylation. This post-translational modification is crucial for several biological processes, including cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, gene expression, protein degradation, and immune response. Primary Objectives of Phosphoproteomics: 1. Uncover the Biological Roles of Protein Phosphorylation: Research into the types, distribution, quantitative changes, and functions of phosphorylated proteins is......

• • Immunoprecipitation Detects Phosphorylated Proteins

  Immunoprecipitation is a widely used molecular biology technique for studying protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. In phosphorylated protein studies, immunoprecipitation enables the selective enrichment of phosphorylated proteins, thereby enhancing signal detection and improving analytical sensitivity.

• • How to Measure Peptide Stability

  In biochemical research, investigating and assessing the stability of polypeptides is of paramount importance due to its critical influence on their biological activity and response to environmental changes. The following methodologies are commonly employed for evaluating the stability of polypeptides: Spectrophotometry: Spectrophotometry is frequently employed to assess the stability of polypeptides under various conditions such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. By observing the changes in absorbance

• • How to Knock Out a Gene in a Cell

  In modern biological science, knocking out genes in cells has become a core part of many experiments. This helps researchers understand various biological phenomena, including the mechanisms of genetic diseases. The following are the main steps to knock out a gene in a cell: Designing Small Interfering RNA (siRNA): siRNA molecules are pivotal in guiding the process of gene silencing. By constructing specific siRNA sequences, we can effectively target and downregulate particular genes.

• • Challenges in Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry Analysis

  Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique extensively utilized across diverse research domains, including biomedical research, pharmaceutical development, and environmental studies. As technological advancements have been made, mass spectrometry has progressed from assessing bulk tissues and cell populations to examining individual cells, termed single-cell mass spectrometry. This advancement, however, introduces new complexities rather than simplifying the analytical processes.

• • What Concentration of Exosomes Is Generally Used for Protein Detection

  Exosome detection is a crucial step in biological research, particularly in the study of exosomal proteins. However, determining the optimal concentration of exosomes for protein detection remains a critical challenge. This paper aims to address this issue and provide guidance for researchers in selecting the appropriate concentration for experimental applications. Introduction to Exosomes: Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles, typically measuring between 30 to 150 nanometers in diameter. They are secreted.....

• • Mass Spectrometry Negative Ion Mode Detection of Polypeptides

  Mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential analytical tool that enables a comprehensive understanding of protein composition and structure. In proteomic research, the combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry has become a widely adopted strategy, significantly enhancing the accuracy and depth of protein characterization.