Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Integrated iTRAQ with LC-MS/MS Workflow for Quantitative Proteomics

  The advancement of proteomics depends on quantitative strategies that are high-throughput, accurate, and reproducible. Particularly when comparing protein expression across multiple biological states, such as disease models, pharmacological interventions, or developmental stages, stable isotope labeling approaches offer distinct advantages. Among these, the iTRAQ (Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation)-LC-MS/MS-based quantitative workflow is widely adopted in quantitative proteomics owi......

• • Guide to TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis: From Sample Preparation to Data Interpretation

  In modern life sciences research, quantitative proteomics serves as a central tool for elucidating disease mechanisms, identifying biomarkers, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Among available quantitative strategies, Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) technology is distinguished by its high throughput, multiplexing capability, and quantitative accuracy, and has been widely adopted in both basic research and translational medicine. For many investigators, the major challenges of TMT experiments extend beyo......

• • How Does Mass Spectrometry Work in Subcellular Proteomics?

  With the rapid advancement of systems biology, subcellular proteomics has increasingly illuminated the complex spatial functional networks within cells. In contrast to global proteomics, subcellular proteomics focuses on the expression, localization, and interaction states of proteins within specific organelles or functional microstructures, thereby providing higher-resolution biological insights. Among the available analytical approaches, mass spectrometry (MS) serves as a central driving force in th......

• • Principles and Key Techniques of Disulfide Bond Mapping Analysis

  In proteins, particularly therapeutic protein products such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and enzymes, disulfide bonds are critical covalent linkages that maintain three-dimensional structure and functional activity. The correctness of disulfide bond connectivity is directly associated with protein folding efficiency, structural stability, immunogenicity, and even pharmacological efficacy. During recombinant expression and formulation development, disulfide bonds may undergo mispairing, c......

• • How to Detect Protein Acetylation Using Mass Spectrometry?

  Protein acetylation is one of the earliest discovered and most extensively studied forms of acylation, particularly lysine acetylation (Kac). It is widely present in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins and plays critical roles in transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, and metabolic control. With the advancement of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies, researchers can now perform high-throughput, quantitative, and site-specific analyses of acetylation at the proteome-wide level. ......

• • Technical Analysis of Labeling-Based Quantitative Phosphoproteomics

  Protein phosphorylation is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) that plays essential roles in cellular signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and metabolic homeostasis. In pathological conditions, alterations in phosphorylation sites often precede detectable changes in total protein expression levels, thereby providing important insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. However, phosphorylation is characterized by high dynamics, low stoichiometry, and suscept......

• • How MALDI-TOF-MS Efficiently Identifies Protein Molecular Weights?

  In modern life science research and biopharmaceutical development, rapid and accurate determination of protein molecular weight is a foundational step for structural characterization, expression verification, protein engineering, and quality control. Conventional approaches such as SDS-PAGE and Western blot are easy to implement, yet they provide only approximate molecular-weight estimates within a limited range and often lack sufficient accuracy, particularly for high-molecular-weight proteins or com......

• • Subcellular Proteomics Workflow (Including Mass Spectrometry and SILAC Approaches)

  In the post-genomic era, subcellular proteomics has increasingly emerged as an important research direction for elucidating cellular function, signaling pathways, and disease mechanisms. In contrast to whole-cell proteomics, subcellular investigations focus on protein expression, localization, and dynamic changes within specific organelles (e.g., mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus), thereby enabling higher spatial resolution proteome profiling. Why Choose Subcellular Proteomics?......

• • Guide to Antibody Characterization: From Sample Preparation to Data Interpretation

  As essential biomolecules in basic research and biomedicine, antibody performance characteristics directly determine the reliability of experimental outcomes and the effectiveness of downstream applications. Systematic antibody characterization enables the delineation of structural attributes, functional activity, and stability, and constitutes a critical step for ensuring batch-to-batch quality consistency and well-controlled functional properties, particularly in drug development, diagnostic reagent......

• • What Is Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA) in Proteomics?

  In contemporary life science research, proteomics is advancing basic research, mechanistic investigations of disease, and biomarker discovery at an unprecedented pace. Among proteomic data acquisition strategies, data-dependent acquisition (Data-Dependent Acquisition, DDA) was one of the earliest mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches to achieve broad adoption. DDA not only remains central to protein identification, but also underpins many advanced methodologies in current use (e.g., DIA and PRM). P......