Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • How to Choose the Right Enrichment Strategy for Acylated Peptides?

  Protein acylation, an essential post-translational modification (PTM), plays crucial roles in cellular signal transduction, gene regulation, metabolic control, and other biological processes. Common acylation types, including acetylation, propionylation, and butyrylation, occur on both histone and non-histone proteins and are implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological events such as tumorigenesis, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. However, acyl modifications often exist at low s......

• • Analytical Considerations and Regulatory Requirements for Host Cell Proteins (HCPs)

  Host cell proteins (HCPs) are non-product-related proteins derived from host expression systems, such as CHO, E. coli, and HEK293, during the production of recombinant proteins and biopharmaceuticals. These impurities are challenging to completely eliminate during manufacturing, purification, and storage. If residual HCPs remain in the final product, they may pose risks including immunogenic responses, allergic reactions, reduced product stability, and degradation of active pharmaceutical ingredients.......

• • Common Pitfalls in Phosphoproteomics Experiments and Practical Solutions

  Protein phosphorylation is one of the most pivotal post-translational modifications, playing essential roles in various biological processes, including cellular signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and cell cycle control. With the advancement of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies, phosphoproteomics has emerged as a powerful approach to investigate the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of signaling pathways. However, challenges such as the inherently low abundance and instability of phosphorylation ......

• • Olink Proteomics: Blood/Serum Sample Handling Protocol

  In the fields of disease biomarker discovery, immune response analysis, and mechanistic research, the quantitative accuracy and throughput requirements of Olink proteomics have been steadily increasing. While mass spectrometry offers significant advantages in terms of depth of analysis, it faces challenges in clinical translation, particularly when dealing with large sample volumes or rare sample types. In this context, the Olink® Target and Explore platforms have emerged as leading technologies in re......

• • How to Conduct Co-IP Experiments Using Plant Tissues?

  In plant biology, validating protein–protein interactions is essential for elucidating signaling pathways and functional mechanisms. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) is a classical method for detecting physical interactions between proteins. Although this technique is widely applied in mammalian systems, its implementation in plant tissues remains technically challenging due to factors such as rigid cell walls, low endogenous protein abundance, and interference from secondary metabolites. This article s......

• • How to Avoid Heavy-Chain Contamination in Co-IP with Antibodies?

  In studies of protein–protein interactions, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) is a classic and widely used method for confirming and capturing protein–protein interactions present in vivo. Despite its straightforward principle, Co-IP is prone to practical technical issues, among which IgG heavy-chain contamination and light-chain interference in Western blotting (WB) is a particularly common and frustrating problem. When an IgG antibody is used for Co-IP and an anti-IgG secondary antibody is also used fo......

• • How to Detect Histone Lactylation Modifications Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry?

  Histone lactylation is a newly identified post-translational modification, and its discovery has broadened our understanding of how metabolites participate in epigenetic regulation. Because histone lactylation typically occurs at low abundance and can be readily confounded with other modifications (e.g., acetylation) during mass-spectrometric interpretation, accurate detection as well as reliable qualitative and quantitative characterization generally require high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). ......

• • How to Decipher the Regulatory Roles of Acylation in Cellular Metabolism?

  From a traditional standpoint in metabolic research, investigators have typically focused on metabolic pathways per se, such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. Increasing evidence, however, indicates that key enzymes within these pathways do not operate in a fixed manner; rather, their activities are finely tuned by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Among these, protein acylation, particularly reversible acylation on lysine residues, is emerging as a cr......

• • Principles of Host Cell Protein Analysis

  During the production of recombinant protein therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant enzymes, and vaccines, host cells (commonly CHO cells, Escherichia coli, or yeast) produce large amounts of endogenous proteins. These host cell proteins (HCPs) may persist in the final drug product at concentrations as low as parts per billion (ppb), despite undergoing multiple purification steps during manufacturing, purification, and formulation. If present above acceptable thresholds or possessing......

• • A Comprehensive Workflow for 4D Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Analysis

  Quantitative proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool in life sciences and translational medicine for elucidating molecular mechanisms, identifying biomarkers, and evaluating pharmacological effects. Although labeling-based strategies can improve quantitative accuracy, they are often limited by high costs and restricted sample scalability. The 4D label-free quantitative proteomics approach, integrating ion mobility (TIMS), data-independent acquisition (DIA), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and adva......