Resources
Proteomics Databases
Metabolomics Databases
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• ELISA vs LC-MS: Comparing Two Core Methods for Host Cell Protein Detection
During biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing, monitoring residual host cell proteins (HCPs) is critical for ensuring product safety and therapeutic efficacy. HCPs represent process-related impurities originating from production cell substrates (e.g., Escherichia coli, yeast, or CHO cells). If present in the final formulation, these impurities may elicit immunogenic responses, compromise drug stability, or reduce clinical performance. Within current quality control frameworks, enzyme-linked i......
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• Comprehensive Overview of Immunopeptidomics: From Sample Preparation to Bioinformatic Analysis
Immunopeptidomics has rapidly emerged as an advanced analytical field focused on identifying and characterizing peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This approach holds significant promise in tumor immunotherapy, vaccine development, and autoimmune disease research. What Is Immunopeptidomics and Why Is It Important? Immunopeptidomics refers to a mass spectrometry-based omics strategy for profiling peptides (i.e., immunopeptides) presented on MHC molecules. These pe......
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• Challenges and Opportunities of Bottom-Up Proteomics in Single-Cell Proteomics
Bottom-up proteomics (also known as shotgun proteomics) involves enzymatically digesting proteins into peptides in vitro, identifying the resulting peptides using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and reconstructing the parent proteins based on peptide-level evidence. In contrast to top-down proteomics, which directly analyzes intact protein species, the bottom-up strategy offers superior scalability for high-throughput protein identification but inherently provides fragment-l......
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• Top-Down Proteomics: Strengths, Limitations, and Analytical Implications
As proteomics continues to progress toward higher resolution and more refined structural characterization, Top-Down Proteomics (TDP), which enables direct mass spectrometric analysis of intact proteins, has emerged as an essential approach for investigating proteoforms, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and functional heterogeneity. Despite its unique analytical advantages over conventional Bottom-Up workflows, Top-Down Proteomics still encounters considerable technical and application constrai......
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• Targeted vs Untargeted Metabolomics Approaches
Metabolomics is a core discipline within systems biology, focusing on the comprehensive characterization of small-molecule metabolite dynamics in biological systems. With the rapid advancement of mass spectrometry technologies and computational data analysis tools, targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics have emerged as two principal analytical strategies widely applied in disease mechanism studies, drug development, nutritional research, and environmental toxicology. Targeted vs Untargeted......
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• Advantages and Disadvantages of Untargeted Metabolomics
In life science research, metabolomics serves as a critical bridge between genotype and phenotype. As the final downstream products of biological processes, metabolites most directly reflect the integrated responses of cells, tissues, or whole organisms to genetic regulation, environmental stimuli, and disease states. Among current analytical strategies, untargeted metabolomics, characterized by broad analytical coverage and a high potential for novel discovery, has been widely applied in disease mech......
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• Techniques of LC-MS Molecular Weight Determination
In life science research and biopharmaceutical development, accurate molecular weight determination constitutes a fundamental basis for structural identification, quality control, and drug development. Whether assessing the completeness of protein expression or verifying the purity of synthesized small molecules, molecular weight information represents an essential analytical parameter. Among the available analytical approaches, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been extensively appl......
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• What Organelle Proteomics Techniques Are Used in Modern Cell Biology?
In modern cell biology research, organelle proteomics has emerged as a powerful approach for investigating subcellular functional organization, protein localization, and intracellular signaling pathways. By leveraging high-throughput mass spectrometry technologies, researchers can systematically identify and quantify organelle-specific proteomes, thereby uncovering their dynamic regulation and functional specialization. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major organelle proteomics t......
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• Advantages of ESI-MS in Peptide Drug Molecular Weight Analysis
With the continuous advancement of biopharmaceutical technologies, peptide drugs, characterized by high specificity, favorable biocompatibility, and relatively low immunogenicity, have emerged as an important therapeutic strategy for cancer, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic diseases. In the development of peptide-based therapeutics, molecular weight analysis represents a fundamental and indispensable step. Owing to their structural complexity, peptide molecules are susceptible to interference from ......
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Molecular weight represents one of the most fundamental and critical physicochemical parameters of biomolecules. Across diverse life science disciplines, including protein engineering, antibody drug development, synthetic compound validation, and metabolomics, accurate molecular weight determination serves not only as a prerequisite for structural characterization but also as a cornerstone for quality control and functional investigation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), characterized ......
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