Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • In Vitro Ubiquitination Assay

  Key Steps of In Vitro Ubiquitination Assay An in vitro ubiquitination assay is a reconstituted system that allows precise dissection of ubiquitination events under controlled biochemical conditions. 1. Preparation of the Ubiquitination Reaction Mixture This mixture consists of purified ubiquitin, E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3 ubiquitin ligase, and ATP. These components are combined in an appropriate buffer to mimic the intracellular ubiquitination process. 2. Addition..

• • Antibody Sequence Analysis Tools

  A wide range of computational tools have been developed for antibody sequence analysis, enabling comprehensive interpretation of amino acid sequences alongside structural and functional insights. These tools are extensively applied in bioinformatics and immunological research. The following summarizes several widely used antibody sequence analysis tools: 1. IMGT/HighV-QUEST IMGT/HighV-QUEST is a high-throughput sequence analysis platform provided by the international ImMunoGeneTics information system.......

• • Method for Inferring Nucleotide Sequence from Amino Acid Sequence

  If the amino acid sequence is known, the corresponding nucleotide sequence can be inferred through the following approaches: 1. Database Query Databases such as the NCBI Protein database allow users to search by amino acid sequence to identify the corresponding protein. Once the correct protein entry is located, associated nucleotide information—such as the mRNA or genomic DNA sequence—can typically be retrieved via linked annotations or related records. 2. Reverse Translation Online tools or specialized...

• • Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography

  Liquid Chromatography (LC) is an essential analytical technique for the separation of complex mixtures, widely utilized in biochemical and molecular biology research. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a specialized form of LC tailored for the purification of proteins with high efficiency and resolution. Working Principle Fast protein liquid chromatography operates on the principle of adsorption chromatography. Samples are introduced into a chromatography column packed with a stationary phase.....

• • SDS-PAGE Gel Electrophoresis for Protein Molecular Weight Determination

  SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis for protein molecular weight determination is a widely used technique based on the principle that proteins, when treated with SDS, migrate through a polyacrylamide gel at rates inversely proportional to their molecular weights. SDS, or sodium dodecyl sulfate, is an anionic surfactant that binds uniformly to polypeptide chains, linearizing the protein structure and imparting a consistent negative charge. This enables size-based separation of proteins under an applied electric....

• • Determination of Hyaluronic Acid Molecular Weight

  The determination of hyaluronic acid molecular weight is essential for evaluating its physicochemical properties and biomedical applications. Several analytical techniques are commonly employed to measure the molecular weight of high-molecular-weight polymers such as hyaluronic acid. The most frequently used methods include Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Static Light Scattering (SLS), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), each offering distinct analytical strengths depending on the specific ........

• • Determination of the Ratio of Type I Collagen to Type III Collagen

  Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, and the determination of the ratio of type I collagen to type III collagen is critical for understanding tissue structure and function. Collagen is widely distributed across tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, blood vessels, and teeth. Among its multiple isoforms, Type I and Type III collagen are the most prevalent, each contributing uniquely to mechanical strength and tissue elasticity. How Is the Ratio of Type I Collagen to Type III Collagen......

• • Evaluation of Drug Quality Using Infrared Spectrum Functional Group Analysis Reference Table

  Ensuring the quality and efficacy of biopharmaceuticals is a critical challenge in the development and manufacturing of biologic drugs designed to treat a wide range of diseases. To address this challenge, precise and robust analytical tools are required. Among these, the infrared spectrum functional group analysis reference table has emerged as a widely adopted method for characterizing molecular structures in pharmaceutical quality assessment. Overview of the Infrared Spectrum Functional Group Analysis...

• • Optimization and Improvement of Infrared Spectral Analysis Steps: Methods and Practices

  Infrared spectral analysis is a widely applied analytical technique for investigating the chemical composition and structural properties of substances. However, the accuracy and reliability of spectral outcomes are highly dependent on the specific procedures employed. Therefore, refining and enhancing each step of the infrared spectral analysis workflow is essential for generating reproducible and reliable data. This paper outlines the key steps involved in infrared spectral analysis and explores ..........

• • Workflow and Analytical Strategies of HPLC for Amino Acid Determination

  Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins and play a vital role in biological processes. Therefore, precise quantification and compositional analysis of amino acids are critical tasks in biopharmaceutical research. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), widely utilized in bioanalytical applications, offers high resolution, sensitivity, and throughput, making it a standard method for amino acid determination. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the HPLC workflow and .......