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Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Determination of the Ratio of Type I Collagen to Type III Collagen

  Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, and the determination of the ratio of type I collagen to type III collagen is critical for understanding tissue structure and function. Collagen is widely distributed across tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, blood vessels, and teeth. Among its multiple isoforms, Type I and Type III collagen are the most prevalent, each contributing uniquely to mechanical strength and tissue elasticity. How Is the Ratio of Type I Collagen to Type III Collagen......

• • Optimization and Improvement of Infrared Spectral Analysis Steps: Methods and Practices

  Infrared spectral analysis is a widely applied analytical technique for investigating the chemical composition and structural properties of substances. However, the accuracy and reliability of spectral outcomes are highly dependent on the specific procedures employed. Therefore, refining and enhancing each step of the infrared spectral analysis workflow is essential for generating reproducible and reliable data. This paper outlines the key steps involved in infrared spectral analysis and explores ..........

• • Workflow and Analytical Strategies of HPLC for Amino Acid Determination

  Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins and play a vital role in biological processes. Therefore, precise quantification and compositional analysis of amino acids are critical tasks in biopharmaceutical research. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), widely utilized in bioanalytical applications, offers high resolution, sensitivity, and throughput, making it a standard method for amino acid determination. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the HPLC workflow and .......

• • Glycosylation Site Analysis: A Key Step from Structure to Function

  Glycosylation represents a crucial post-translational modification of proteins, wherein sugar moieties are covalently attached to specific amino acid residues, thereby modulating protein structure and function. In biopharmaceutical research, glycosylation site analysis constitutes a critical step for elucidating the molecular characteristics and functional implications of protein glycosylation. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying principles and methodologies of glycosylation site analysis ......

• • Protein Isoelectric Focusing for Isoelectric Point Determination

  Biopharmaceuticals, typically composed of proteins or peptides, have become a critical class of therapeutic agents in recent years. Among the key technologies enabling their development, protein isoelectric focusing for isoelectric point determination plays a pivotal role in achieving high-purity and functionally active protein products. During the preparation of biopharmaceuticals, the efficient separation and purification of target proteins are essential steps to ensure product quality and therapeutic....

• • Protein-Protein Interactions

  In biology, protein-protein interactions serve as the foundation for a wide range of intracellular processes, including signal transduction, molecular transport, the maintenance of cellular structure, and numerous metabolic pathways. These interactions are typically facilitated by specific domains, may be either transient or stable, and can involve two or more proteins. Types of Protein-Protein Interactions 1. Direct Interactions Specific regions of a protein, such as structural domains or ........

• • SUMOylation of Proteins and Amino Acid Residues

  The SUMOylation of proteins is a post-translational modification wherein Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) proteins are covalently attached to specific amino acid residues of substrate proteins, modulating their function and fate. Amino Acid Residues The canonical SUMOylation site consists of a tetrapeptide motif denoted as ψKXE, where ψ represents a hydrophobic residue, K is lysine, X is any amino acid, and E is glutamic acid. In this motif, SUMO is conjugated to the ε-amino group of the lysine ........

• • Application and Advantages of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Protein Purity

  High-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of protein purity has become a critical tool in evaluating protein quality and biological function. In biopharmaceutical research and manufacturing, the accurate determination of protein purity is essential to ensure therapeutic safety and efficacy. This paper presents high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a widely used method for assessing protein purity and discusses its applications and advantages in protein-related studies.

• • Exploring the Microscopic World of Proteins: Multiple Methods for Determining Protein Molecular Weigh

  Determining protein molecular weight is essential for understanding the biochemical and structural roles proteins play as some of the most biologically significant macromolecules in living organisms. Proteins participate in regulating vital cellular processes, and their functional mechanisms are closely tied to their molecular mass. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and heterogeneity of proteins, determining protein molecular weight remains a major challenge in the field of biopharmaceuticals.

• • Optimization and Improvement of High-Efficiency SEC-HPLC for Protein Purity Detection

  Accurate determination of protein purity is essential for ensuring the quality and safety of biopharmaceuticals, and high-efficiency SEC-HPLC for protein purity detection has become a key analytical strategy in this field. High-efficiency size exclusion chromatography coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) is a widely employed method for assessing protein purity, based on the principle of size-based separation in a molecular sieving column. This article outlines the principles.......