Resources
Proteomics Databases
Metabolomics Databases
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Urine proteomics focuses on the comprehensive analysis of proteins in urine samples using advanced high-throughput technologies. As a non-invasive and easily accessible biological fluid, urine serves as a valuable source for identifying biomarkers linked to physiological and pathological conditions. The primary objective of urine proteomics is to identify and quantify urinary proteins and their modifications, offering insights into their variations under different health states. This approach supports......
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Accurate mass identification is an essential technique in proteomics, used to precisely determine the molecular mass of protein or peptide components. Accurate mass measurement plays a critical role in protein identification and structural analysis. In mass spectrometry, this technique involves measuring the ionized molecular mass to deduce molecular formulas and structural details. Accurate mass identification is integral to modern biotechnology research, with applications spanning protein identifica......
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iTRAQ mass spectrometry is an advanced analytical technique primarily utilized in proteomics to achieve both relative and absolute quantification of proteins. By employing isotopic tags that chemically react with amino acids in peptides, this method enables the precise measurement of protein levels across multiple samples within a single mass spectrometry run. The key principle of iTRAQ mass spectrometry lies in isotopic labeling, which generates identical mass signals for the same proteins across dif......
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LC-MALDI-TOF integrates liquid chromatography (LC) with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, offering a powerful analytical platform widely used in proteomics and bioanalysis. LC enables the separation of complex biological samples, ensuring the isolation of individual components at defined time intervals. The separated components are mixed with a matrix-a compound that absorbs laser photons-preparing them for MALDI-based mass spectrometry. During analysis, laser pulses excite the matrix, resulting in ionizat......
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Untargeted proteomics is a technique that systematically investigates and analyzes all detectable proteins and their modifications in biological samples without relying on prior assumptions about specific targets. Unlike targeted proteomics, which focuses on predefined protein sets, untargeted proteomics employs high-throughput mass spectrometry to capture global protein expression profiles, modification patterns, and their changes under varying physiological and pathological conditions. This comprehe......
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Neoantigen identification involves identifying and validating novel antigen molecules produced by specific tumors using bioinformatics tools and experimental methods. These neoantigens are derived from tumor-specific mutations that differ significantly from normal cell antigens, enabling them to be recognized by the immune system and initiate immune responses. Neoantigens arise due to genetic mutations accumulated during the proliferation and division of cancer cells, resulting in the production of ab......
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iTRAQ analysis is a high-throughput quantitative method widely used in proteomics research. By incorporating isotopic labels at peptide termini, this technique allows for the simultaneous relative and absolute quantification of proteins across multiple biological samples. The core principle of iTRAQ lies in its use of isotopic tags, which ensure identical mass signals for labeled samples in the mass spectrum. During collision-induced dissociation (CID), these tags release reporter ions with distinct m......
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GC-MS quantitative analysis combines the capabilities of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to provide a powerful tool for analyzing complex samples. Gas chromatography separates volatile compounds with high efficiency, while mass spectrometry detects and identifies their masses and structures with exceptional sensitivity and specificity. This combination enables GC-MS to deliver both qualitative and quantitative data in a single analysis, making it invaluable in modern research and industrial a......
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PTM mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique for identifying and characterizing post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteins. PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, are chemical modifications that regulate critical aspects of protein function such as activity, stability, localization, and molecular interactions. By providing detailed insights into modification types, sites, and abundances, PTM mass spectrometry plays a pivotal role in understa......
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String protein analysis leverages the extensive bioinformatics resources provided by the STRING database to investigate and understand protein-protein interactions within organisms. The STRING database is an online platform that integrates and provides information on experimentally validated and computationally predicted protein-protein interactions. Through this resource, researchers can generate protein interaction networks, facilitating a deeper understanding of the functions and relationships of p......
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