Resources
Proteomics Databases
Metabolomics Databases
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Since antigens were first successfully used to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies, scientists have achieved significant breakthroughs in antigen research. Recently, a novel discovery of antigens has not only deepened our understanding of antigens and immune responses but also holds promising implications for vaccine development and immunotherapy.
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Immunopeptides are a distinct category of peptides that play a crucial role in immune system function. Composed of short chains of amino acids, these molecules are recognized and presented by immune cells, thereby initiating specific immune responses. Within the human immune system, the generation, processing, and presentation of immunopeptides are essential steps in T-cell-mediated immunity. The following is a detailed introduction to the relevant knowledge of immune peptides:
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• Use MaxQuant for Proteomics Data Identification and Quantification
Steps for Identification and Quantification of Proteomics Data Using MaxQuant:1. Data Preparation（1）Collect raw mass spectrometry data files (.raw format).（2）Prepare a protein database (e.g., Uniprot). 2. Parameter Setting（1）Open the MaxQuant software and create a new project.（2）Import raw data files and the protein database.（3）Set search parameters (e.g., enzymatic digestion rules, modification types, mass error tolerance, etc.).
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Microbial proteomics is a scientific discipline focused on understanding the composition, structure, function, and interactions of proteins within microorganisms. Advances in genomics and proteomics technologies allow researchers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of microbial protein characteristics and functions. Key research areas in microbial proteomics include the following:
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• Spatial Proteomics in Plant Research
Application of spatial proteomics in plant research mainly includes the following aspects:1. Cellular Localization: Examining protein distributions across various organelles or tissues to elucidate mechanisms of cellular function differentiation and signal transduction. 2. Growth and Development: Analyzing the dynamic changes in protein expression throughout plant growth and development processes to comprehend underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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• Introduction to Single-Cell Proteomics
Single-cell proteomics refers to the comprehensive and precise analysis of the proteome within individual cells through mass spectrometry, aiming to reveal protein expression patterns under various physiological and pathological conditions. In living organisms, cellular functions are dynamic and are regulated by multiple factors. Even within the same tissue, protein expression patterns can differ significantly among cells. This cellular heterogeneity is a fundamental driver of many biological phenomen......
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Proteomics solutions encompass a range of comprehensive methods and technologies designed to study the proteome in order to gain a detailed understanding of the protein composition, structure, function, and interactions within biological organisms. The solutions provided by proteomics research include the following steps:
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• Definition of Label-Free Proteomics
Label-free proteomics is a method for studying the proteome without the need for pre-labeling proteins with agents like fluorescent dyes or isotopic labels. Instead, proteins in the sample are analyzed and quantified directly using mass spectrometry techniques, leading to its alternative name, label-free mass spectrometry proteomics. In this approach, proteins from biological samples are initially extracted and can then be separated using various techniques such as gel electrophoresis or liquid......
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Ultrasensitive proteomics is an advanced protein analysis technique designed to detect and quantify very low concentrations of proteins in biological systems. The primary aim of this technology is to address the limitations of conventional proteomics methods, allowing for a more in-depth understanding of protein composition and function within organisms.
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• Protein Quantification Method
Common methods for protein quantification include: Bradford Protein Assay: This method quantifies protein concentration by measuring the absorbance change when Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 dye binds to proteins. It is ideal for rapid protein detection. BCA Protein Assay: This assay relies on the reduction of copper ions by proteins, which subsequently react with the BCA reagent to form a purple complex. Protein quantification is achieved through absorbance measurement.
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