Resources
Proteomics Databases
Metabolomics Databases
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• 4 Steps of Edman Degradation
Edman degradation is a widely used method for determining the amino acid sequence of peptides and proteins. The 4 steps of Edman degradation involve: initial reaction, cyclization, cleavage, and repetitive cycles. In the first step, the N-terminal amino acid reacts with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), forming a phenylthiocarbamyl derivative. During cyclization, under acidic conditions, a cyclic derivative (thiazolinone) is formed. In the cleavage step, the cyclic product is converted to phenylthiohydanto......
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• Whole Protein Mass Spectrometry
Whole protein mass spectrometry is a mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics technique designed to comprehensively analyze the protein composition, expression levels, post-translational modifications, and interactions within biological samples. In comparison with traditional protein detection techniques such as Western Blot or ELISA, whole protein mass spectrometry offers significant advantages, including unbiased, highly sensitive, and high-resolution analysis. It enables the identificatio......
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Free amino acid analysis is primarily employed to detect and quantify the types and concentrations of free amino acids in various samples. Free amino acids are unbound within organisms and play crucial roles in processes such as protein synthesis, enzyme regulation, and signal transduction. Thus, analyzing free amino acids can illuminate an organism's metabolic state and support fields like disease diagnosis, nutrition research, and genetic engineering. In the food industry, for instance, free amino a......
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Total amino acid analysis involves the comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment of all amino acids present in biological or chemical samples. By comparing retention times of sample amino acids to those of standards, the identity of amino acids can be established. A match in retention times indicates the presence of a specific amino acid in the sample. Quantification is achieved through standard curve methodology, where standard curves for each amino acid are constructed. By measuring the ......
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• Antibody De Novo Sequencing: Advances in Mass Spectrometry
Antibody de novo sequencing is the process of determining the amino acid sequence of an antibody purely through the analysis of the antibody protein itself, without relying on known genetic sequence templates. Mass spectrometry is central to this process. Advances in mass spectrometry, such as the ethcd fragmentation mode in eclipse mass spectrometry, enable the differentiation of leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile) through neutral losses of 43Da and 29Da from their side chains, respectively. This deve......
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• Biomarker Discovery and Validation
Biomarker discovery and validation represent key research directions in modern medicine and biology. Biomarkers are indicators detectable through biological techniques, reflecting the presence or change of biological or pathological states. These indicators can include a range of biomolecules such as genes, proteins, and metabolites, as well as physiological and biochemical parameters. The discovery and validation of biomarkers are crucial for early disease diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and the d......
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• Protein Mass Spectrometry Service: Precision Protein Analysis
Protein mass spectrometry services are specialized offerings that utilize mass spectrometry technology for the analysis of proteins. This technology, known for its high sensitivity and resolution, enables the precise identification and quantification of proteins. These services are primarily employed to investigate the structure, function, and interactions of proteins. The fundamental principle involves converting protein molecules into charged ions, which are then analyzed based on their mass-to-char......
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Amino acids HPLC analysis is a rapid, efficient, and sensitive technique for analyzing the amino acid composition of complex samples. Due to the wide variations in polarity and molecular weight among amino acids, traditional analytical methods face challenges in effectively separating them. By selecting appropriate stationary and mobile phases, HPLC enables the precise separation and detection of different amino acids. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of amino acids relies on dif......
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• iTRAQ/TMT: Isotope Labeling and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Quantification
iTRAQ/TMT (isotope labeling and tandem mass spectrometry quantification analysis) rely on the principle of using isotope tags to label proteins, enabling the simultaneous comparison of multiple samples in mass spectrometry analysis. iTRAQ (Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation) and TMT (Tandem Mass Tag) are widely used isotope labeling and quantification techniques in tandem mass spectrometry. These methods allow researchers to conduct both relative and absolute quantification of protei......
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Amino acid profile analysis is a technique used to assess the types, concentrations, and proportions of various amino acids in biological samples, such as blood, tissues, and cell extracts, as well as in food samples. As fundamental building blocks of proteins, amino acids directly influence protein structure and function. This analysis enables researchers to determine both the relative and absolute quantities of amino acids present in a sample, unveiling potential biological functions and application......
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