Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Glycation Product Analysis

  Glycation product analysis is essential for understanding the formation, detection, biological effects, and clinical applications of glycation-derived compounds. The following are several key aspects of glycation product analysis: Types of Glycation Products 1. Early Glycation Products These compounds are formed at the initial stage of glycation and are typically reversible in nature. 2. Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) These are glycation-derived compounds that accumulate chronically within the .....

• • Liquid Chromatography for Protein Detection Technology

  Liquid chromatography (LC) is an analytical technique widely employed for the separation, identification, and quantification of components within complex mixtures. In the field of protein analysis, LC plays a critical role in resolving structural and compositional heterogeneity. Common LC techniques used in protein analysis include Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC), Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC), and Gel Permeation .....

• • Analysis of Antibody Variable Regions

  The analysis of antibody variable regions represents a critical research focus in the fields of immunology and biotechnology. This analysis aims to characterize the structural and functional properties of the antibody domains responsible for antigen recognition and binding, specifically the variable regions. Structure of Antibody Antibodies are large glycoproteins composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, each containing a variable region (V region) and a constant region (C region). Located at.....

• • Antibody-Drug Conjugates Analysis

  Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are an innovative class of targeted cancer therapeutics composed of monoclonal antibodies chemically linked to cytotoxic small molecule drugs via specialized linkers. Designed to selectively deliver potent drugs to malignant cells, ADCs minimize toxicity to healthy tissues. Accurate characterization of ADC composition, drug release mechanisms, and molecular stability is essential for assessing their therapeutic efficacy and safety. Composition of ADC 1. Antibody Monoclonal...

• • Protein MS1 and MS2 Spectra

  Protein MS1 and MS2 spectra are essential components of protein mass spectrometry, a powerful analytical technique employed for the identification and quantification of proteins and their post-translational modifications. This process typically involves multiple levels of analysis, with the most commonly utilized being the MS1 (first-stage mass spectrum) and MS2 (second-stage mass spectrum) spectra. MS1 Spectrum The MS1 spectrum, also referred to as the precursor ion spectrum, represents the initial stage..

• • Prediction of Lysine Acetylation Sites in Proteins

  Sequence-Based Prediction Methods 1. Feature Extraction (1) Sequence-based features: The identification of lysine acetylation sites based on primary amino acid sequences relies on extracting residues flanking the lysine site. Features such as physicochemical properties of amino acids and secondary structure propensities are employed for prediction. (2) Conservation analysis: Multiple sequence alignment is used to assess the evolutionary conservation of the target lysine residue. Sites with high .........

• • Phosphorylated Protein Western Blot Result Analysis

  Phosphorylated protein western blot result analysis is a multi-step procedure designed to detect and quantify the presence and relative abundance of specific proteins and their phosphorylated forms. Sample Preparation 1. Cell Lysis and Protein Extraction Cells are lysed using a buffer supplemented with phosphatase inhibitors to preserve the phosphorylation state of proteins. 2. Protein Concentration Determination Protein concentration is measured using BCA or Bradford assays to ensure equal protein ........

• • In Vitro Ubiquitination Assay

  Key Steps of In Vitro Ubiquitination Assay An in vitro ubiquitination assay is a reconstituted system that allows precise dissection of ubiquitination events under controlled biochemical conditions. 1. Preparation of the Ubiquitination Reaction Mixture This mixture consists of purified ubiquitin, E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E3 ubiquitin ligase, and ATP. These components are combined in an appropriate buffer to mimic the intracellular ubiquitination process. 2. Addition..

• • Sugar Structures

  Monosaccharides Monosaccharides represent the most fundamental form of carbohydrates in sugar structures and cannot be further hydrolyzed into simpler sugar units. Common examples include glucose and fructose. 1. Glucose (1) Molecular formula: C₆H₁₂O₆ (2) Structural characteristics: A six-carbon sugar (hexose) that typically exists in a cyclic form, most often as a six-membered ring (pyranose structure). The configuration of the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the first carbon atom determines whether the..

• • Method for Inferring Nucleotide Sequence from Amino Acid Sequence

  If the amino acid sequence is known, the corresponding nucleotide sequence can be inferred through the following approaches: 1. Database Query Databases such as the NCBI Protein database allow users to search by amino acid sequence to identify the corresponding protein. Once the correct protein entry is located, associated nucleotide information—such as the mRNA or genomic DNA sequence—can typically be retrieved via linked annotations or related records. 2. Reverse Translation Online tools or specialized...