Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Introduction to TMT Reporter Ions and Mass Spectrometry Analysis

  In large-scale quantitative proteomic analysis, TMT (Tandem Mass Tag) labeling technology has rapidly become a mainstream approach because of its capacity for multiplexed parallel sample analysis and high quantitative precision. Particularly in high-throughput applications such as multi-omics research, disease mechanism studies, and drug target screening, TMT provides researchers with powerful data integration capabilities. What Is TMT? The Technical Core of Integrated Quantitative Tags TMT is a clas......

• • Structure, Functions, and Enzymes in Protein Ubiquitination

  In eukaryotic cells, protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) represent a fundamental mechanism for the precise regulation of cellular processes. Among these modifications, ubiquitination is one of the most important regulatory strategies. By covalently conjugating the small protein ubiquitin to target substrates, ubiquitination enables precise control over protein fate. Beyond regulating protein stability, ubiquitination participates in signal transduction, DNA damage response and repair, immu......

• • Which Factors Affect the Success Rate of Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis?

  Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is a key methodology in modern peptide production and is widely applied in antibody epitope mapping, enzymatic mechanism studies, vaccine development, drug discovery, and protein function analysis. However, in practical laboratory settings, researchers frequently observe that peptide sequences that appear theoretically feasible may encounter various challenges during synthesis, including low coupling efficiency, significant impurity formation, poor product purity, ......

• • One-Stop Immunopeptidomics Service Solution

  In cutting-edge studies such as cancer immunotherapy, personalized vaccine development, and the investigation of autoimmune disease mechanisms, immunopeptidomics serves as a key technology bridging basic immunology research and clinical translation. By analyzing antigenic peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules using high-resolution mass spectrometry, immunopeptidomics enables researchers to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying intracellular antigen processing and......

• • The Role of Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA) in Shotgun Proteomics

  In proteomics, shotgun proteomics has become a mainstream approach for global proteome identification by leveraging high-throughput mass spectrometric analysis. Among the available acquisition strategies, data-dependent acquisition (DDA) was one of the earliest and most widely adopted modes and continues to play a central role in novel protein identification and exploratory studies. This article systematically examines the working principles, technical advantages, limitations, and experimental optimiz......

• • Applications of Shotgun Proteomics in Biomarker Discovery

  Biomarkers are essential tools for early diagnosis, disease stratification, and personalized therapy. With the rapid advancement of mass spectrometry technologies, proteomics has become an important approach for biomarker discovery. Among the available strategies, shotgun proteomics has demonstrated substantial potential for biomarker screening in complex samples owing to its high throughput, unbiased profiling capability, and broad proteome coverage. Overview of Shotgun Proteomics 1. Technical Princ......

• • How Does Histone Phosphorylation Contribute to DNA Damage Response?

  DNA is continuously challenged by endogenous metabolic byproducts and exogenous environmental insults, including ultraviolet light, radiation, and chemical agents. It has been estimated that a mammalian cell may incur tens of thousands of DNA damage events each day. If such lesions are not recognized and repaired promptly, they can lead to genomic instability, impaired cellular function, and even tumorigenesis. To preserve genome integrity, cells have evolved a highly sophisticated DNA damage response......

• • How Does Phosphorylation Interact With Other Histone PTMs?

  In epigenetics, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are widely recognized as central mechanisms governing chromatin organization and gene expression. Among these modifications, phosphorylation is a highly dynamic and reversible mark that not only plays essential roles in signal transduction and chromatin remodeling, but also engages in extensive crosstalk with other histone PTMs, including acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. Together, these modifications help define the intricate......

• • Glycoproteomics in Neuroscience

  Glycoproteins are broadly expressed in the nervous system and are involved in critical processes including neuronal development, synapse formation, cell recognition, and signal transduction. Advances in glycoproteomics technologies now allow researchers to systematically profile glycosylation on neuronal surface and secreted proteins. This enables deeper insights into brain functional regulation and reveals the molecular basis of numerous neurological disorders. Functional Roles of Glycoproteins in t......

• • Tools for Glycopeptide Quantitation

  Glycosylation, one of the most common and functionally diverse post-translational modifications, plays crucial roles in biological processes such as tumor immunity, infection response, and signal transduction. Glycopeptide quantitation reveals dynamic changes in glycosylation under disease conditions, providing important insights for mechanistic studies and biomarker discovery. However, the complexity, low abundance, and structural heterogeneity of glycopeptides pose significant challenges for data an......