Resources

Proteomics Databases



Metabolomics Databases

• • Principles and Common Analytical Techniques for Protein Purity Assessment

  In the realms of life sciences and biopharmaceuticals, protein purity represents a critical determinant of experimental success and manufacturing reliability. Whether intended for fundamental research or downstream applications such as vaccine production, antibody generation, or therapeutic protein development, accurate assessment of target protein purity is essential. Protein purity analysis not only verifies the success of purification processes but also reveals the nature and extent of impurities, ......

• • Advantages and Disadvantages of Protein Structure Determination Methods

  Information on the spatial structure of proteins is of irreplaceable importance for elucidating their biological functions, clarifying mechanisms of action, and facilitating the development of targeted therapeutics. Currently, the most commonly used methods for protein structure determination include X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), and artificial intelligence–based prediction tools such as AlphaFold. X-ray Crystallography X-ray crystallogra......

• • What Is the Difference Between HRMS and LC-MS?

  High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are among the most widely used techniques in modern analytical chemistry and life sciences. HRMS and LC-MS are not mutually exclusive but represent technical frameworks defined from different perspectives, with potential overlap (e.g., HRMS combined with LC = LC-HRMS). Clarifying their distinctions helps researchers select the most suitable analytical strategy according to experimental objectives. HRMS vs. LC......

• • What Is High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Determination of Molecular Formulas?

  In the screening of disease metabolites, the elucidation of drug metabolic pathways, and the separation of active constituents from natural products, determining the molecular formula represents the first step in structural characterization. This step establishes a solid foundation for subsequent structural inference, synthetic pathway design, and even functional validation. However, conventional mass spectrometry, limited by resolution and mass accuracy, often fails to differentiate compounds with ne......

• • How Can SPS-MS3 Be Utilized to Optimize TMT Workflows and Minimize Ratio Compression?

  Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) are an isotope-labeling technology widely employed in high-throughput quantitative proteomics, enabling parallel analysis of multiple samples (currently supporting up to 18-plex). This approach has demonstrated substantial advantages in elucidating disease mechanisms, understanding drug modes of action, and identifying clinical biomarkers. However, ratio compression remains one of the most critical technical bottlenecks in TMT quantification. Co-eluting peptides at the MS2 stage......

• • How to Choose the Appropriate TMT Quantification Platform?

  As proteomics research advances, researchers are increasingly confronted with larger sample sizes, particularly in application scenarios such as integrated multi-omics analysis, disease cohort studies, and drug screening. This has driven a growing demand for quantitative techniques that combine high throughput with high accuracy. Among the available strategies, tandem mass tag (TMT)–based quantification has emerged as one of the most widely adopted approaches in quantitative proteomics, owing to its e......

• • What Is 4D Proteomics?

  With the rapid advancement of proteomics technologies, the demand for greater depth, breadth, and accuracy in data acquisition has significantly increased. Conventional three-dimensional mass spectrometry (MS) approaches have enabled large-scale protein identification and quantification; however, they face limitations such as insufficient resolution and low signal-to-noise ratios when analyzing complex samples, low-abundance proteins, or structurally similar peptides. To address these challenges, four......

• • How Can Enzyme Activity Be Quantitatively Analyzed Using ABPP?

  In biological research, proteomic measurements of enzyme expression levels are often used to infer functional states. However, expression abundance does not necessarily reflect catalytic activity. Enzymes may exist in inactive forms, be regulated by inhibitors, or undergo post-translational modifications that modulate their function. Therefore, enzyme activity represents the critical indicator of their true functional status. Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) employs chemical probes to selective......

• • How Can ABPP Address the Functional Limitations of Transcriptomics?

  In the current era of increasingly comprehensive multi-omics data, transcriptomics remains one of the principal approaches to elucidate gene regulatory mechanisms. Technologies such as RNA-Seq enable researchers to systematically characterize gene transcription under diverse conditions. Nevertheless, the assumption that expression equates to function faces an inherent limitation: changes at the transcriptional level do not necessarily correspond to alterations in protein activity. This is precisely th......

• • How to Perform Untargeted Metabolomics?

  Untargeted metabolomics refers to the comprehensive analysis of thousands of metabolites in biological samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques (e.g., LC-MS/MS or GC-MS), without predefining target compounds. This approach aims to capture metabolic perturbations arising from disease, environmental changes, or pharmacological interventions. Untargeted metabolomics is a small-molecule profiling strategy designed to systematically detect as many metabolites as possible in a given sample......